{"site":"Commodity Origins","generated_at":"2026-09-06T16:49:32.826105+00:00","commodities":[{"slug":"coffee","name":"Coffee","category":"softs","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Seeds of the Coffea plant, traded green (unroasted) and then roasted close to where it is drunk.","aliases":["coffee beans","green coffee","arabica","robusta","arabica coffee","robusta coffee"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"BRA","name":"Brazil","share":30.429178784718104},{"iso3":"VNM","name":"Vietnam","share":18.101707601881312},{"iso3":"COL","name":"Colombia","share":7.5436620816110525}],"rest_share":43.925451531789534,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":11133143.04,"price":{"series_code":"COFFEE_ARABIC","label":"Arabica (ICE New York, other milds)","latest_value":7.97,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/kg","chg_12m":-1.3613861386138626,"chg_1m":0.7585335018963191,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/coffee/","json":"/data/commodities/coffee.json"},{"slug":"cocoa","name":"Cocoa","category":"softs","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Fermented, dried seeds of the cacao tree, ground into liquor, butter and powder to make chocolate.","aliases":["cocoa beans","cacao","cacao beans","cocoa bean"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"CIV","name":"Ivory Coast","share":36.19320708571588},{"iso3":"IDN","name":"Indonesia","share":12.113312394427657},{"iso3":"GHA","name":"Ghana","share":10.147044847411038}],"rest_share":41.54643567244542,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":5223195.6,"price":{"series_code":"COCOA","label":"Cocoa (ICE New York and London average)","latest_value":5.95,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/kg","chg_12m":-21.71052631578947,"chg_1m":6.060606060606055,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/cocoa/","json":"/data/commodities/cocoa.json"},{"slug":"wheat","name":"Wheat","category":"grains","tier":1,"what_is_it":"A cereal grass whose grain is milled into flour for bread, pasta and noodles, and fed to livestock.","aliases":["wheat grain","bread wheat","durum","durum wheat","hard red winter wheat","soft red winter wheat"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":17.546380626573296},{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":14.18894369031986},{"iso3":"RUS","name":"Russia","share":10.343472399624808}],"rest_share":57.921203283482036,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":798455265.4,"price":{"series_code":"WHEAT_US_HRW","label":"US hard red winter, Gulf export","latest_value":330.0,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":42.79532669839896,"chg_1m":6.451612903225801,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/wheat/","json":"/data/commodities/wheat.json"},{"slug":"corn","name":"Corn","category":"grains","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Maize: a cereal grown mostly for animal feed and ethanol, and as a staple food in Africa and Latin America.","aliases":["maize","corn grain","maize grain","yellow corn","feed corn"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"USA","name":"United States","share":31.008454287573812},{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":24.216688810736347},{"iso3":"BRA","name":"Brazil","share":9.43913049815979}],"rest_share":35.335726403530046,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":1217837840.2800002,"price":{"series_code":"MAIZE","label":"US No. 2 yellow, Gulf export","latest_value":224.0,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":20.75471698113207,"chg_1m":4.967197750702912,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/corn/","json":"/data/commodities/corn.json"},{"slug":"rice","name":"Rice","category":"grains","tier":1,"what_is_it":"The staple grain of half the world, grown in flooded paddies and traded milled; production is counted as paddy (unmilled).","aliases":["paddy rice","milled rice","rice grain","basmati","jasmine rice"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":26.575155216719974},{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":25.314159953739807},{"iso3":"BGD","name":"Bangladesh","share":7.388281872395254}],"rest_share":40.722402957144965,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":819817842.5799999,"price":{"series_code":"RICE_05","label":"Thai 5% broken, Bangkok FOB","latest_value":471.0,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":25.6,"chg_1m":0.8565310492505418,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/rice/","json":"/data/commodities/rice.json"},{"slug":"soybeans","name":"Soybeans","category":"oilseeds","tier":1,"what_is_it":"An oilseed legume crushed into meal (animal feed) and oil (cooking oil and biodiesel); the world's most traded farm product by value.","aliases":["soya beans","soya","soybean","soy","soybean oil","soybean meal","soymeal"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"BRA","name":"Brazil","share":36.33091531089805},{"iso3":"USA","name":"United States","share":29.883879248505636},{"iso3":"ARG","name":"Argentina","share":12.124207492005032}],"rest_share":21.660997948591287,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":397660688.59999996,"price":{"series_code":"SOYBEANS","label":"US, CIF Rotterdam","latest_value":482.0,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":18.427518427518418,"chg_1m":0.8368200836819994,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/soybeans/","json":"/data/commodities/soybeans.json"},{"slug":"sugar","name":"Sugar","category":"softs","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Sucrose crystallized from sugar cane (four-fifths of supply) or sugar beet; traded raw (No. 11) and refined white (No. 5).","aliases":["raw sugar","cane sugar","beet sugar","sugarcane","sugar cane","sugar beet","white sugar"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"BRA","name":"Brazil","share":22.376074658659856},{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":19.727517830470532},{"iso3":"THA","name":"Thailand","share":5.47531659035055}],"rest_share":52.42109092051906,"production_year":2023,"production_unit":"t","world_production":187555273.39,"price":{"series_code":"SUGAR_WLD","label":"World raw sugar (ISA daily price)","latest_value":0.38,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/kg","chg_12m":2.7027027027026973,"chg_1m":11.764705882352944,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/sugar/","json":"/data/commodities/sugar.json"},{"slug":"cotton","name":"Cotton","category":"fibres","tier":1,"what_is_it":"The seed fibre of the cotton plant, ginned into lint and spun into yarn; the world's main natural textile fibre.","aliases":["cotton lint","raw cotton","cotton fibre","cotton fiber","seed cotton"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":22.742525529766162},{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":22.381600730661606},{"iso3":"BRA","name":"Brazil","share":11.835704007261292}],"rest_share":43.04016973231094,"production_year":2023,"production_unit":"t","world_production":24702181.790000007,"price":{"series_code":"COTTON_A_INDX","label":"Cotlook A Index, CFR Far East","latest_value":2.11,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/kg","chg_12m":21.965317919075144,"chg_1m":7.653061224489788,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/cotton/","json":"/data/commodities/cotton.json"},{"slug":"natural-rubber","name":"Natural rubber","category":"fibres","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Latex tapped from the Hevea tree, coagulated into sheets or block rubber; two-thirds of it goes into tyres.","aliases":["rubber","natural rubber latex","latex","TSR20","RSS3","hevea rubber"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"THA","name":"Thailand","share":32.294925163051026},{"iso3":"IDN","name":"Indonesia","share":15.254400080900474},{"iso3":"CIV","name":"Ivory Coast","share":11.37358755364365}],"rest_share":41.07708720240485,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":14829085.299999999,"price":{"series_code":"RUBBER_TSR20","label":"TSR20, SGX/SICOM","latest_value":2.24,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/kg","chg_12m":30.99415204678364,"chg_1m":4.672897196261694,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/natural-rubber/","json":"/data/commodities/natural-rubber.json"},{"slug":"palm-oil","name":"Palm oil","category":"oilseeds","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Oil pressed from the fruit flesh of the oil palm; the world's most produced vegetable oil, used in food, soap and biodiesel.","aliases":["crude palm oil","CPO","palm fruit","oil palm","RBD palm oil","palm olein"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"IDN","name":"Indonesia","share":59.17551433290641},{"iso3":"MYS","name":"Malaysia","share":23.316077895273814},{"iso3":"THA","name":"Thailand","share":4.17659545554909}],"rest_share":13.331812316270685,"production_year":2023,"production_unit":"t","world_production":79567198.58,"price":{"series_code":"PALM_OIL","label":"Malaysia, CIF Northwest Europe","latest_value":1117.0,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":8.869395711500982,"chg_1m":1.4532243415077195,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/palm-oil/","json":"/data/commodities/palm-oil.json"},{"slug":"crude-oil","name":"Crude oil","category":"energy","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Unrefined petroleum pumped from underground reservoirs and refined into fuels and petrochemical feedstocks.","aliases":["oil","petroleum","crude","Brent","WTI","Brent crude","WTI crude","Dubai crude"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"USA","name":"United States","share":20.94190327725212},{"iso3":"SAU","name":"Saudi Arabia","share":11.341042452466857},{"iso3":"RUS","name":"Russia","share":10.673827657626562}],"rest_share":57.043226612654465,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"thousand barrels daily","world_production":100589.55408398654,"price":{"series_code":"CRUDE_BRENT","label":"Brent (dated, 38° API)","latest_value":90.9,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/bbl","chg_12m":33.284457478005855,"chg_1m":8.992805755395672,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/crude-oil/","json":"/data/commodities/crude-oil.json"},{"slug":"natural-gas","name":"Natural gas","category":"energy","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Mostly methane, produced from gas and oil fields and moved by pipeline or as liquefied natural gas (LNG); priced regionally, not globally.","aliases":["gas","LNG","liquefied natural gas","methane","Henry Hub","TTF","JKM","pipeline gas"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"USA","name":"United States","share":25.586800957749432},{"iso3":"RUS","name":"Russia","share":14.521388015741046},{"iso3":"IRN","name":"Iran","share":6.3106690154690535}],"rest_share":53.58114201104047,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"billion cubic metres","world_production":4196.471013073821,"price":{"series_code":"NGAS_US","label":"US Henry Hub","latest_value":2.77,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/mmbtu","chg_12m":-4.810996563573888,"chg_1m":-4.152249134948105,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/natural-gas/","json":"/data/commodities/natural-gas.json"},{"slug":"copper","name":"Copper","category":"metals","tier":1,"what_is_it":"A conductive red metal mined as ore, concentrated, smelted and refined into cathode for wiring, motors and pipes.","aliases":["copper ore","copper concentrate","refined copper","copper cathode","Cu"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHL","name":"Chile","share":23.043478260869566},{"iso3":"COD","name":"DR Congo","share":13.91304347826087},{"iso3":"PER","name":"Peru","share":11.73913043478261}],"rest_share":51.30434782608695,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"t","world_production":23000000.0,"price":{"series_code":"COPPER","label":"LME cash, grade A cathode","latest_value":14326.0,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":48.148914167528446,"chg_1m":5.781584582441113,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/copper/","json":"/data/commodities/copper.json"},{"slug":"iron-ore","name":"Iron ore","category":"metals","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Rock rich in iron oxides, mined in bulk and shipped to blast furnaces to make steel; the most traded dry-bulk cargo.","aliases":["iron","iron ore fines","hematite","magnetite","iron ore pellets","62% Fe"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"AUS","name":"Australia","share":38.49628785795655},{"iso3":"BRA","name":"Brazil","share":16.49840908198138},{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":12.177397179557685}],"rest_share":32.82790588050439,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"t","world_production":2545700000.0,"price":{"series_code":"IRON_ORE","label":"62% Fe fines, CFR China spot","latest_value":96.3,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/dmtu","chg_12m":-3.4102306920762326,"chg_1m":-1.93482688391039,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/iron-ore/","json":"/data/commodities/iron-ore.json"},{"slug":"aluminum","name":"Aluminum","category":"metals","tier":1,"what_is_it":"A light metal smelted from alumina, which is refined from bauxite ore; the chain runs mine (bauxite) to refinery (alumina) to smelter (metal).","aliases":["aluminium","bauxite","alumina","primary aluminium","primary aluminum","Al"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":60.810810810810814},{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":5.675675675675676},{"iso3":"RUS","name":"Russia","share":5.27027027027027}],"rest_share":28.243243243243242,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"t","world_production":74000000.0,"price":{"series_code":"ALUMINUM","label":"LME cash, high grade","latest_value":3251.0,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":25.18290335001925,"chg_1m":2.84720025308447,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/aluminum/","json":"/data/commodities/aluminum.json"},{"slug":"gold","name":"Gold","category":"metals","tier":1,"what_is_it":"A precious metal mined from ore and recycled from jewellery, held as bars and coins by central banks and investors and worn as jewellery.","aliases":["gold bullion","gold ore","Au","bullion"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":11.515151515151516},{"iso3":"RUS","name":"Russia","share":9.393939393939393},{"iso3":"AUS","name":"Australia","share":8.484848484848486}],"rest_share":70.60606060606061,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"t","world_production":3300.0,"price":{"series_code":"GOLD","label":"London PM fix","latest_value":4411.0,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/troy oz","chg_12m":30.967933491686452,"chg_1m":8.298551436287749,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/gold/","json":"/data/commodities/gold.json"},{"slug":"coal","name":"Coal","category":"energy","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Fossilized carbon rock burned for power and heat, and baked into coke for steelmaking.","aliases":["thermal coal","steam coal","coking coal","metallurgical coal","hard coal","lignite"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":51.509609726875105},{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":11.976548498035564},{"iso3":"IDN","name":"Indonesia","share":8.726638031377892}],"rest_share":27.787203743711444,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"million tonnes","world_production":9052.741699145085,"price":{"series_code":"COAL_AUS","label":"Australian thermal, Newcastle","latest_value":135.2,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":20.49910873440284,"chg_1m":2.501895375284291,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/coal/","json":"/data/commodities/coal.json"},{"slug":"tea","name":"Tea","category":"softs","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Leaves of Camellia sinensis, withered, rolled, oxidized and dried, then sold at auction or by contract.","aliases":["tea leaves","black tea","green tea","camellia sinensis"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":49.68356659294618},{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":18.809143190537014},{"iso3":"KEN","name":"Kenya","share":8.210472984186913}],"rest_share":23.2968172323299,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":32728930.540000003,"price":{"series_code":"TEA_AVG","label":"Average of three auctions","latest_value":2.91,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/kg","chg_12m":-4.276315789473683,"chg_1m":-2.348993288590595,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/tea/","json":"/data/commodities/tea.json"},{"slug":"coconut-oil","name":"Coconut oil","category":"oilseeds","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Oil pressed from dried coconut flesh (copra), used in food, soap and oleochemicals.","aliases":["copra oil","coconut","copra","virgin coconut oil"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"PHL","name":"Philippines","share":38.842065911908335},{"iso3":"IDN","name":"Indonesia","share":20.68758725294153},{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":17.58124675211285}],"rest_share":22.889100083037277,"production_year":2023,"production_unit":"t","world_production":3122645.44,"price":{"series_code":"COCONUT_OIL","label":"Philippines/Indonesia, CIF Rotterdam","latest_value":1853.0,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":-32.42159008023341,"chg_1m":-3.690228690228692,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/coconut-oil/","json":"/data/commodities/coconut-oil.json"},{"slug":"peanuts","name":"Peanuts","category":"oilseeds","tier":1,"what_is_it":"A legume grown underground, eaten whole, crushed for oil, or ground into paste and butter.","aliases":["groundnuts","groundnut","peanut","monkey nuts","peanut oil","groundnut oil"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":34.15822664404759},{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":20.80438294993382},{"iso3":"NGA","name":"Nigeria","share":7.488891331273723}],"rest_share":37.54849907474487,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":57418378.9,"price":{"series_code":"GRNUT","label":"Groundnuts, CIF Europe","latest_value":1250.0,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":0.0,"chg_1m":0.0,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/peanuts/","json":"/data/commodities/peanuts.json"},{"slug":"palm-kernel-oil","name":"Palm kernel oil","category":"oilseeds","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Oil pressed from the seed inside the oil palm fruit; chemically closer to coconut oil than to palm oil.","aliases":["PKO","palm kernel","palm kernels","kernel oil"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"IDN","name":"Indonesia","share":59.41059303572895},{"iso3":"MYS","name":"Malaysia","share":25.308561077098794},{"iso3":"THA","name":"Thailand","share":3.687751970899849}],"rest_share":11.593093916272409,"production_year":2023,"production_unit":"t","world_production":8362818.39,"price":{"series_code":"PLMKRNL_OIL","label":"Malaysia, CIF Rotterdam","latest_value":2264.0,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":0.0,"chg_1m":-6.174886033982596,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/palm-kernel-oil/","json":"/data/commodities/palm-kernel-oil.json"},{"slug":"canola","name":"Canola","category":"oilseeds","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Seed of the rape plant, bred for low erucic acid (canola), crushed into cooking oil and biodiesel with a protein meal by-product.","aliases":["rapeseed","colza","oilseed rape","canola oil","rapeseed oil"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"CAN","name":"Canada","share":21.900195912885184},{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":19.201794500962365},{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":15.092823225202443}],"rest_share":43.80518636095001,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":87850643.33,"price":{"series_code":"RAPESEED_OIL","label":"Rapeseed oil, crude, FOB Rotterdam","latest_value":1474.0,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":21.51690024732069,"chg_1m":-0.9408602150537626,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/canola/","json":"/data/commodities/canola.json"},{"slug":"sunflower-oil","name":"Sunflower oil","category":"oilseeds","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Oil pressed from sunflower seeds, a light cooking oil concentrated in the Black Sea basin.","aliases":["sunflower seed oil","sunflower seed","sunflowerseed oil","sunoil"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"RUS","name":"Russia","share":31.068601788758983},{"iso3":"UKR","name":"Ukraine","share":26.680234064834934},{"iso3":"ARG","name":"Argentina","share":7.545728119184389}],"rest_share":34.705436027221694,"production_year":2023,"production_unit":"t","world_production":22655348.47,"price":{"series_code":"SUNFLOWER_OIL","label":"Sunflower oil, EU port","latest_value":1492.0,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":17.111459968602816,"chg_1m":-0.33400133600534065,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/sunflower-oil/","json":"/data/commodities/sunflower-oil.json"},{"slug":"barley","name":"Barley","category":"grains","tier":1,"what_is_it":"A cereal grown for animal feed and for malting into beer and whisky; the most cold-tolerant of the major grains.","aliases":["malting barley","feed barley","malt"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"RUS","name":"Russia","share":11.738432975103105},{"iso3":"AUS","name":"Australia","share":9.342431956245436},{"iso3":"DEU","name":"Germany","share":7.472536981211013}],"rest_share":71.44659808744045,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":141986584.03,"price":{"series_code":"BARLEY","label":"Feed barley, FOB Black Sea","latest_value":80.4,"latest_date":"2020-08-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":-40.444444444444436,"chg_1m":0.0,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/barley/","json":"/data/commodities/barley.json"},{"slug":"sorghum","name":"Sorghum","category":"grains","tier":1,"what_is_it":"A drought-tolerant cereal eaten as a staple across the Sahel and India and fed to livestock elsewhere.","aliases":["milo","grain sorghum","jowar","great millet"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"USA","name":"United States","share":13.599867494144743},{"iso3":"NGA","name":"Nigeria","share":10.121045994183872},{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":8.428502912026262}],"rest_share":67.85058359964512,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":64222611.02,"price":{"series_code":"SORGHUM","label":"US No. 2, Gulf export","latest_value":189.5,"latest_date":"2020-08-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":28.127112914131168,"chg_1m":8.347627215551734,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/sorghum/","json":"/data/commodities/sorghum.json"},{"slug":"bananas","name":"Bananas","category":"fruit-vegetables","tier":1,"what_is_it":"The world's most traded fresh fruit, grown from clonal plants and shipped green in refrigerated ships.","aliases":["banana","cavendish","plantains","dessert bananas"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":26.996886192720982},{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":8.440267644591204},{"iso3":"IDN","name":"Indonesia","share":6.646440122010086}],"rest_share":57.91640604067773,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":139328520.08,"price":{"series_code":"BANANA_US","label":"Central and South America, US import","latest_value":1.1,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/kg","chg_12m":7.843137254901977,"chg_1m":-5.982905982905972,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/bananas/","json":"/data/commodities/bananas.json"},{"slug":"oranges","name":"Oranges","category":"fruit-vegetables","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Citrus fruit sold fresh or squeezed into juice concentrate; the juice and fresh markets barely overlap.","aliases":["orange","sweet orange","citrus","orange juice","valencia"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"BRA","name":"Brazil","share":23.371230522234644},{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":11.35161485013732},{"iso3":"MEX","name":"Mexico","share":7.2043308926481}],"rest_share":58.072823734979934,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":67127013.21,"price":{"series_code":"ORANGE","label":"Mediterranean exporters, CIF France","latest_value":0.77,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/kg","chg_12m":-39.84375,"chg_1m":-1.2820512820512886,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/oranges/","json":"/data/commodities/oranges.json"},{"slug":"beef","name":"Beef","category":"livestock","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Meat from cattle, sold chilled or frozen, as carcasses, primal cuts or boxed trimmings.","aliases":["cattle meat","bovine meat","veal","live cattle","beef and veal"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"USA","name":"United States","share":17.66372360374473},{"iso3":"BRA","name":"Brazil","share":14.714179644898048},{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":10.077869151148612}],"rest_share":57.54422760020861,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":69576315.14,"price":{"series_code":"BEEF","label":"Australia/New Zealand, CIF US ports","latest_value":7.28,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/kg","chg_12m":6.1224489795918435,"chg_1m":-0.41039671682625567,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/beef/","json":"/data/commodities/beef.json"},{"slug":"chicken","name":"Chicken","category":"livestock","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Meat from broiler chickens, the world's fastest-growing source of animal protein.","aliases":["poultry","broiler","chicken meat","broilers","poultry meat"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"USA","name":"United States","share":15.771180921590073},{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":11.998413171947714},{"iso3":"BRA","name":"Brazil","share":10.720173120953067}],"rest_share":61.510232785509146,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":127933584.05,"price":{"series_code":"CHICKEN","label":"US Gulf ports, broiler cuts","latest_value":1.69,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/kg","chg_12m":1.1976047904191711,"chg_1m":-2.3121387283236983,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/chicken/","json":"/data/commodities/chicken.json"},{"slug":"lamb","name":"Lamb","category":"livestock","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Meat from sheep, sold as lamb (under a year old) or mutton, and traded mostly frozen.","aliases":["sheep meat","mutton","lamb meat","ovine meat"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":22.89178109396493},{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":11.201288481674407},{"iso3":"AUS","name":"Australia","share":8.038532558395433}],"rest_share":57.86839786596523,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":11534816.75,"price":{"series_code":"LAMB","label":"New Zealand, frozen carcass, wholesale London","latest_value":7.43,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/kg","chg_12m":19.070512820512818,"chg_1m":-2.1080368906455926,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/lamb/","json":"/data/commodities/lamb.json"},{"slug":"shrimp","name":"Shrimp","category":"seafood","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Farmed and wild-caught crustaceans, frozen at source and shipped as headless shell-on or peeled product.","aliases":["prawns","shrimps","vannamei","black tiger prawn","farmed shrimp"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[],"rest_share":null,"production_year":null,"production_unit":null,"world_production":null,"price":{"series_code":"SHRIMP_MEX","label":"Mexico, US import price, No. 1 shell-on","latest_value":8.6,"latest_date":"2023-10-01","unit":"$/kg","chg_12m":-24.956369982547997,"chg_1m":-1.2629161882893314,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/shrimp/","json":"/data/commodities/shrimp.json"},{"slug":"fishmeal","name":"Fishmeal","category":"seafood","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Dried, ground fish, mostly small pelagic species such as anchoveta, fed to farmed fish, pigs and poultry.","aliases":["fish meal","fish feed","anchoveta meal","fish oil"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[],"rest_share":null,"production_year":null,"production_unit":null,"world_production":null,"price":{"series_code":"FISH_MEAL","label":"Any origin, 64-65% protein, CIF Hamburg","latest_value":2500.0,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":43.43086632243258,"chg_1m":18.87779362815025,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/fishmeal/","json":"/data/commodities/fishmeal.json"},{"slug":"tobacco","name":"Tobacco","category":"softs","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Cured leaf of the tobacco plant, traded green or processed into strip before it is made into cigarettes.","aliases":["tobacco leaf","unmanufactured tobacco","flue-cured tobacco","burley"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":37.36128342360177},{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":12.040964769606218},{"iso3":"BRA","name":"Brazil","share":10.55979486887015}],"rest_share":40.03795693792186,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":6039407.09,"price":{"series_code":"TOBAC_US","label":"US import unit value, unmanufactured","latest_value":6723.0,"latest_date":"2026-06-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":-3.778445684843279,"chg_1m":-0.4589872668048556,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/tobacco/","json":"/data/commodities/tobacco.json"},{"slug":"logs","name":"Logs","category":"timber","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Tree stems cut to length for sawing or peeling, measured in cubic metres and traded before any milling.","aliases":["roundwood","industrial roundwood","sawlogs","timber logs","veneer logs"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"USA","name":"United States","share":16.31604855245811},{"iso3":"BRA","name":"Brazil","share":10.210365560826553},{"iso3":"RUS","name":"Russia","share":9.875029459644653}],"rest_share":63.59855642707068,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"m3","world_production":1955649862.0,"price":{"series_code":"LOGS_CMR","label":"Cameroon, sapele, FOB Douala","latest_value":405.7,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/cubic meter","chg_12m":-0.36836935166993934,"chg_1m":1.5011258443832887,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/logs/","json":"/data/commodities/logs.json"},{"slug":"sawnwood","name":"Sawnwood","category":"timber","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Wood sawn lengthwise into boards thicker than six millimetres, the main construction timber.","aliases":["lumber","sawn timber","sawn wood","boards","dimensional lumber"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"USA","name":"United States","share":16.978060812461447},{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":13.648582013045688},{"iso3":"RUS","name":"Russia","share":8.361228688579468}],"rest_share":61.012128485913394,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"m3","world_production":444910687.0,"price":{"series_code":"SAWNWD_CMR","label":"Cameroon, sapele, FOB Douala","latest_value":648.7,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/cubic meter","chg_12m":0.7141748175749196,"chg_1m":1.217038539553772,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/sawnwood/","json":"/data/commodities/sawnwood.json"},{"slug":"plywood","name":"Plywood","category":"timber","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Panels glued from thin wood veneers with alternating grain, used in construction, furniture and packaging.","aliases":["plywood panels","veneer","LVL","laminated veneer lumber","wood panels"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":53.33923165917566},{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":10.595794926336048},{"iso3":"USA","name":"United States","share":7.904948655647481}],"rest_share":28.160024758840805,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"m3","world_production":113252475.0,"price":{"series_code":"PLYWOOD","label":"Africa and Southeast Asia, Tokyo import","latest_value":343.8,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"cents/sheet","chg_12m":-7.005680281309168,"chg_1m":2.290984825944653,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/plywood/","json":"/data/commodities/plywood.json"},{"slug":"phosphate-rock","name":"Phosphate rock","category":"fertilizers","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Sedimentary rock rich in phosphate minerals, mined and acidulated to make phosphate fertilizer.","aliases":["rock phosphate","phosphorite","phosphate ore","phosphates"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":44.0},{"iso3":"MAR","name":"Morocco","share":14.399999999999999},{"iso3":"USA","name":"United States","share":8.0}],"rest_share":33.599999999999994,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"t","world_production":250000000.0,"price":{"series_code":"PHOSROCK","label":"Morocco, 70% BPL, FOB Casablanca","latest_value":170.0,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":11.475409836065564,"chg_1m":0.0,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/phosphate-rock/","json":"/data/commodities/phosphate-rock.json"},{"slug":"phosphate-fertilizers","name":"Phosphate fertilizers","category":"fertilizers","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Processed phosphate nutrients, mainly diammonium phosphate (DAP) and triple superphosphate (TSP), applied to crops.","aliases":["DAP","MAP","TSP","diammonium phosphate","triple superphosphate","phosphate fertiliser"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[],"rest_share":null,"production_year":null,"production_unit":null,"world_production":null,"price":{"series_code":"DAP","label":"DAP, FOB US Gulf","latest_value":793.5,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":-0.20123254936486035,"chg_1m":1.5615000639959131,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/phosphate-fertilizers/","json":"/data/commodities/phosphate-fertilizers.json"},{"slug":"urea","name":"Urea","category":"fertilizers","tier":1,"what_is_it":"The main nitrogen fertilizer, made by combining ammonia with carbon dioxide; ammonia itself is made from natural gas.","aliases":["nitrogen fertilizer","nitrogenous fertilizer","granular urea","prilled urea"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[],"rest_share":null,"production_year":null,"production_unit":null,"world_production":null,"price":{"series_code":"UREA_EE_BULK","label":"Urea, FOB Middle East","latest_value":390.0,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":-23.182982076029145,"chg_1m":-2.500000000000002,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/urea/","json":"/data/commodities/urea.json"},{"slug":"potash","name":"Potash","category":"fertilizers","tier":1,"what_is_it":"Potassium salts, mostly potassium chloride, mined from ancient seabed deposits and spread as fertilizer.","aliases":["potassium chloride","muriate of potash","MOP","KCl","potassium fertilizer"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"CAN","name":"Canada","share":30.612244897959183},{"iso3":"RUS","name":"Russia","share":20.408163265306122},{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":12.857142857142856}],"rest_share":36.12244897959184,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"t","world_production":49000000.0,"price":{"series_code":"POTASH","label":"Potassium chloride, standard grade, FOB Vancouver","latest_value":386.9,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":8.527349228611492,"chg_1m":-2.4211853720050525,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/potash/","json":"/data/commodities/potash.json"},{"slug":"nickel","name":"Nickel","category":"metals","tier":1,"what_is_it":"A corrosion-resistant metal used mostly in stainless steel and increasingly in battery cathodes.","aliases":["Ni","nickel ore","nickel pig iron","class 1 nickel","nickel sulphate","laterite"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"IDN","name":"Indonesia","share":66.66666666666666},{"iso3":"PHL","name":"Philippines","share":6.923076923076923},{"iso3":"RUS","name":"Russia","share":5.128205128205128}],"rest_share":21.2820512820513,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"t","world_production":3900000.0,"price":{"series_code":"NICKEL","label":"LME cash","latest_value":16751.0,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":12.054318014582922,"chg_1m":0.6005645306588203,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/nickel/","json":"/data/commodities/nickel.json"},{"slug":"zinc","name":"Zinc","category":"metals","tier":1,"what_is_it":"A metal used mainly to galvanize steel against rust, plus die-casting alloys and brass.","aliases":["Zn","zinc ore","zinc concentrate","galvanizing","slab zinc"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":31.538461538461537},{"iso3":"PER","name":"Peru","share":11.538461538461538},{"iso3":"AUS","name":"Australia","share":8.461538461538462}],"rest_share":48.46153846153847,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"t","world_production":13000000.0,"price":{"series_code":"ZINC","label":"LME cash, special high grade","latest_value":3875.0,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":38.93868770168518,"chg_1m":7.668796888024443,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/zinc/","json":"/data/commodities/zinc.json"},{"slug":"lead","name":"Lead","category":"metals","tier":1,"what_is_it":"A dense, soft metal used overwhelmingly in lead-acid batteries, and the most recycled of the base metals.","aliases":["Pb","lead ore","lead concentrate","refined lead","secondary lead"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":42.22222222222222},{"iso3":"AUS","name":"Australia","share":10.666666666666668},{"iso3":"PER","name":"Peru","share":6.444444444444445}],"rest_share":40.666666666666664,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"t","world_production":4500000.0,"price":{"series_code":"LEAD","label":"LME cash","latest_value":1855.0,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":-4.725218284540322,"chg_1m":0.7057546145494031,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/lead/","json":"/data/commodities/lead.json"},{"slug":"tin","name":"Tin","category":"metals","tier":1,"what_is_it":"A soft metal used mostly as solder in electronics, plus tinplate and chemicals; the smallest of the major base metals.","aliases":["Sn","cassiterite","tin ore","tin concentrate","solder"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":24.482758620689655},{"iso3":"IDN","name":"Indonesia","share":21.03448275862069},{"iso3":"PER","name":"Peru","share":11.379310344827587}],"rest_share":43.103448275862064,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"t","world_production":290000.0,"price":{"series_code":"TIN","label":"LME cash","latest_value":55385.0,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":63.69628184666312,"chg_1m":4.557210549168422,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/tin/","json":"/data/commodities/tin.json"},{"slug":"silver","name":"Silver","category":"metals","tier":1,"what_is_it":"A precious metal that is also an industrial one: most mined silver is a by-product of lead, zinc, copper and gold mines.","aliases":["Ag","silver bullion","silver ore","sterling silver"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"MEX","name":"Mexico","share":24.23076923076923},{"iso3":"PER","name":"Peru","share":13.846153846153847},{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":13.076923076923078}],"rest_share":48.84615384615385,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"t","world_production":26000.0,"price":{"series_code":"SILVER","label":"Handy & Harman, New York","latest_value":65.4,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/troy oz","chg_12m":71.2041884816754,"chg_1m":11.224489795918391,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/silver/","json":"/data/commodities/silver.json"},{"slug":"platinum","name":"Platinum","category":"metals","tier":1,"what_is_it":"A precious metal used in autocatalysts, jewellery and industry, mined almost entirely from two geological complexes.","aliases":["Pt","platinum group metals","PGM","platinum bullion"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"ZAF","name":"South Africa","share":72.81553398058252},{"iso3":"RUS","name":"Russia","share":12.135922330097086},{"iso3":"ZWE","name":"Zimbabwe","share":10.922330097087379}],"rest_share":4.1262135922330145,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"t","world_production":164.8,"price":{"series_code":"PLATINUM","label":"London afternoon fix","latest_value":1780.0,"latest_date":"2026-08-01","unit":"$/troy oz","chg_12m":32.539091586001476,"chg_1m":9.741060419235502,"source_id":"pinksheet"},"url":"/commodities/platinum/","json":"/data/commodities/platinum.json"},{"slug":"lithium","name":"Lithium","category":"metals","tier":2,"what_is_it":"A light metal extracted from hard-rock spodumene or salt-lake brine and refined into carbonate, hydroxide or metal for battery cathodes.","aliases":["Li","lithium carbonate","lithium hydroxide","spodumene","brine lithium","battery metal"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"AUS","name":"Australia","share":31.724137931034484},{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":21.379310344827587},{"iso3":"CHL","name":"Chile","share":19.310344827586206}],"rest_share":27.586206896551715,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"t","world_production":290000.0,"price":{"series_code":"PLITH","label":"Lithium metal, 99% battery grade","latest_value":156809.1336782609,"latest_date":"2026-07-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":102.73711653362132,"chg_1m":-5.9993867427129866,"source_id":"imf_pcps"},"url":"/commodities/lithium/","json":"/data/commodities/lithium.json"},{"slug":"cobalt","name":"Cobalt","category":"metals","tier":2,"what_is_it":"A metal recovered mostly as a by-product of copper and nickel mining, used in battery cathodes and superalloys.","aliases":["Co","cobalt hydroxide","cobalt sulphate","cobalt metal","battery metal"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"COD","name":"DR Congo","share":74.19354838709677},{"iso3":"IDN","name":"Indonesia","share":14.193548387096774},{"iso3":"RUS","name":"Russia","share":2.4838709677419355}],"rest_share":9.129032258064527,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"t","world_production":310000.0,"price":{"series_code":"PCOBA","label":"Cobalt, 99.8% minimum purity, LME spot","latest_value":55872.86363636364,"latest_date":"2026-07-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":69.85141702060051,"chg_1m":0.03283692742388489,"source_id":"imf_pcps"},"url":"/commodities/cobalt/","json":"/data/commodities/cobalt.json"},{"slug":"rare-earths","name":"Rare earths","category":"metals","tier":2,"what_is_it":"A group of seventeen chemically similar metals, mined together and separated at great cost, used in magnets, catalysts and phosphors.","aliases":["rare earth elements","REE","neodymium","praseodymium","dysprosium","NdPr","rare earth oxides"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":69.23076923076923},{"iso3":"USA","name":"United States","share":13.076923076923078},{"iso3":"AUS","name":"Australia","share":7.435897435897436}],"rest_share":10.256410256410263,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"t","world_production":390000.0,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/rare-earths/","json":"/data/commodities/rare-earths.json"},{"slug":"graphite","name":"Graphite","category":"metals","tier":2,"what_is_it":"A crystalline form of carbon, mined as flake or amorphous ore and processed into battery anodes, refractories and lubricants.","aliases":["natural graphite","flake graphite","anode material","spherical graphite"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":77.77777777777779},{"iso3":"MDG","name":"Madagascar","share":4.444444444444445},{"iso3":"TZA","name":"Tanzania","share":4.166666666666666}],"rest_share":13.6111111111111,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"t","world_production":1800000.0,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/graphite/","json":"/data/commodities/graphite.json"},{"slug":"manganese","name":"Manganese","category":"metals","tier":2,"what_is_it":"A metal used almost entirely in steelmaking, where it removes oxygen and sulfur and adds strength; also a battery cathode ingredient.","aliases":["Mn","manganese ore","ferromanganese","silicomanganese","manganese content"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"ZAF","name":"South Africa","share":38.0},{"iso3":"GAB","name":"Gabon","share":25.0},{"iso3":"GHA","name":"Ghana","share":10.0}],"rest_share":27.0,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"t","world_production":20000000.0,"price":{"series_code":"PMANGELE","label":"Electrolytic manganese metal, CIF Northwest Europe","latest_value":2842.608695652174,"latest_date":"2026-07-01","unit":"$/mt","chg_12m":39.98501231131575,"chg_1m":-2.289142917311293,"source_id":"imf_pcps"},"url":"/commodities/manganese/","json":"/data/commodities/manganese.json"},{"slug":"chromium","name":"Chromium","category":"metals","tier":2,"what_is_it":"The metal that makes stainless steel stainless, mined as chromite ore and smelted into ferrochrome.","aliases":["chrome","chromite","ferrochrome","chrome ore","Cr"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"ZAF","name":"South Africa","share":45.09803921568628},{"iso3":"TUR","name":"Turkey","share":17.647058823529413},{"iso3":"KAZ","name":"Kazakhstan","share":13.725490196078432}],"rest_share":23.529411764705884,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"t","world_production":51000000.0,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/chromium/","json":"/data/commodities/chromium.json"},{"slug":"bauxite","name":"Bauxite","category":"metals","tier":2,"what_is_it":"The ore of aluminum: a tropical weathering product refined into alumina, which is then smelted into metal.","aliases":["bauxite ore","alumina","aluminium ore","aluminum ore","gibbsite"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"GIN","name":"Guinea","share":34.090909090909086},{"iso3":"AUS","name":"Australia","share":22.045454545454547},{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":19.772727272727273}],"rest_share":24.090909090909093,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"t","world_production":440000000.0,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/bauxite/","json":"/data/commodities/bauxite.json"},{"slug":"steel","name":"Steel","category":"metals","tier":2,"what_is_it":"Iron alloyed with a little carbon, made in blast furnaces from iron ore or in electric arc furnaces from scrap; the most used metal on earth.","aliases":["crude steel","raw steel","pig iron","rebar","hot-rolled coil","HRC"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":51.578947368421055},{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":8.421052631578947},{"iso3":"USA","name":"United States","share":4.315789473684211}],"rest_share":35.68421052631578,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"t","world_production":1900000000.0,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/steel/","json":"/data/commodities/steel.json"},{"slug":"uranium","name":"Uranium","category":"energy","tier":2,"what_is_it":"A heavy metal mined as ore, concentrated into yellowcake, then converted and enriched into fuel for nuclear reactors.","aliases":["U3O8","yellowcake","uranium oxide","nuclear fuel","enriched uranium"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"USA","name":"United States","share":29.032379455355606},{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":17.05318709036642},{"iso3":"FRA","name":"France","share":13.708142191517123}],"rest_share":40.20629126276085,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"terawatt-hours","world_production":2845.391875599096,"price":{"series_code":"PURAN","label":"Uranium, U3O8, NUEXCO restricted spot","latest_value":69.23377817652174,"latest_date":"2026-07-01","unit":"$/lb","chg_12m":17.45038440875375,"chg_1m":0.17363578063225305,"source_id":"imf_pcps"},"url":"/commodities/uranium/","json":"/data/commodities/uranium.json"},{"slug":"palladium","name":"Palladium","category":"metals","tier":2,"what_is_it":"A precious metal used mainly in petrol-engine autocatalysts, mined with platinum and nickel.","aliases":["Pd","palladium bullion","PGM","autocatalyst metal"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"RUS","name":"Russia","share":43.93305439330544},{"iso3":"ZAF","name":"South Africa","share":36.61087866108787},{"iso3":"CAN","name":"Canada","share":8.368200836820085}],"rest_share":11.087866108786613,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"t","world_production":191.2,"price":{"series_code":"PPALLA","label":"Palladium, spot","latest_value":1267.482608695652,"latest_date":"2026-07-01","unit":"$/troy oz","chg_12m":5.865199549696798,"chg_1m":-0.7700174680461802,"source_id":"imf_pcps"},"url":"/commodities/palladium/","json":"/data/commodities/palladium.json"},{"slug":"molybdenum","name":"Molybdenum","category":"metals","tier":2,"what_is_it":"A refractory metal recovered mostly as a by-product of copper mining, added to steel for strength and corrosion resistance.","aliases":["Mo","moly","molybdenite","ferromolybdenum"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":37.30769230769231},{"iso3":"CHL","name":"Chile","share":16.153846153846153},{"iso3":"USA","name":"United States","share":15.384615384615385}],"rest_share":31.15384615384616,"production_year":2025,"production_unit":"t","world_production":260000.0,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/molybdenum/","json":"/data/commodities/molybdenum.json"},{"slug":"oats","name":"Oats","category":"grains","tier":2,"what_is_it":"A cool-climate cereal eaten as flakes and porridge and fed to horses and livestock.","aliases":["oat","oat grain","milling oats","feed oats"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"CAN","name":"Canada","share":14.967496263041841},{"iso3":"RUS","name":"Russia","share":13.37358354024273},{"iso3":"POL","name":"Poland","share":7.207960320684625}],"rest_share":64.4509598760308,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":22432282.2,"price":{"series_code":"POATS","label":"Oats, first-position futures, United States","latest_value":3.43836586273913,"latest_date":"2026-07-01","unit":"$/bushel","chg_12m":-1.4923723234005148,"chg_1m":14.165084618401647,"source_id":"imf_pcps"},"url":"/commodities/oats/","json":"/data/commodities/oats.json"},{"slug":"milk","name":"Milk","category":"livestock","tier":2,"what_is_it":"Raw cow's milk, most of it drunk or processed close to where it is produced; only powders, butter and cheese travel far.","aliases":["raw milk","dairy","cow milk","milk powder","butter","cheese"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":17.119078548845266},{"iso3":"USA","name":"United States","share":12.991747712095975},{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":5.172497881536284}],"rest_share":64.71667585752247,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":788593846.4200001,"price":{"series_code":"PMILK","label":"Milk, USDA Class III spot, United States","latest_value":20.70733715521739,"latest_date":"2026-07-01","unit":"$/cwt","chg_12m":-3.458636274073179,"chg_1m":-13.597138221326988,"source_id":"imf_pcps"},"url":"/commodities/milk/","json":"/data/commodities/milk.json"},{"slug":"wool","name":"Wool","category":"fibres","tier":2,"what_is_it":"Fleece shorn from sheep, sold greasy by micron thickness and scoured before spinning.","aliases":["greasy wool","merino","sheep wool","fine wool","crossbred wool"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":21.490950658863166},{"iso3":"AUS","name":"Australia","share":16.568647296129427},{"iso3":"NZL","name":"New Zealand","share":7.367524378170118}],"rest_share":54.572877666837286,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":1695974.3,"price":{"series_code":"PWOOLF","label":"Wool, fine 19 micron, Australian Wool Exchange spot","latest_value":1600.7030625,"latest_date":"2026-07-01","unit":"¢/kg","chg_12m":62.81026461474117,"chg_1m":-5.481857265551282,"source_id":"imf_pcps"},"url":"/commodities/wool/","json":"/data/commodities/wool.json"},{"slug":"orange-juice","name":"Orange juice","category":"fruit-vegetables","tier":2,"what_is_it":"Juice squeezed from oranges and shipped frozen as concentrate or chilled as not-from-concentrate; a different market from fresh fruit.","aliases":["FCOJ","frozen concentrated orange juice","not-from-concentrate","NFC","OJ"],"exchange_traded":true,"top3":[{"iso3":"BRA","name":"Brazil","share":23.371230522234644},{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":11.35161485013732},{"iso3":"MEX","name":"Mexico","share":7.2043308926481}],"rest_share":58.072823734979934,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":67127013.21,"price":{"series_code":"PORANG","label":"Orange juice, frozen concentrate, first-position futures","latest_value":1.504409090909091,"latest_date":"2026-07-01","unit":"$/lb","chg_12m":-47.171404876660795,"chg_1m":-3.585993940806309,"source_id":"imf_pcps"},"url":"/commodities/orange-juice/","json":"/data/commodities/orange-juice.json"},{"slug":"salmon","name":"Salmon","category":"seafood","tier":2,"what_is_it":"Farmed Atlantic salmon raised in sea pens and flown or shipped fresh; the highest-value farmed fish in world trade.","aliases":["farmed salmon","atlantic salmon","aquaculture salmon","fresh salmon"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[],"rest_share":null,"production_year":null,"production_unit":null,"world_production":null,"price":{"series_code":"PSALM","label":"Salmon, farmed Norwegian export price","latest_value":7.135598742443582,"latest_date":"2026-07-01","unit":"$/kg","chg_12m":6.579890927151588,"chg_1m":-4.820806508297548,"source_id":"imf_pcps"},"url":"/commodities/salmon/","json":"/data/commodities/salmon.json"},{"slug":"plantains","name":"Plantains","category":"fruit-vegetables","tier":3,"what_is_it":"Starchy cooking bananas, boiled, fried or pounded as a staple across west and central Africa and the Caribbean.","aliases":["cooking bananas","plantain","matoke"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"UGA","name":"Uganda","share":26.74461281971499},{"iso3":"COD","name":"DR Congo","share":11.092449662762718},{"iso3":"CMR","name":"Cameroon","share":10.538847176762252}],"rest_share":51.62409034076004,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":44249143.78,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/plantains/","json":"/data/commodities/plantains.json"},{"slug":"avocados","name":"Avocados","category":"fruit-vegetables","tier":3,"what_is_it":"A fatty tropical fruit picked hard and ripened after shipping, grown mostly in Mexico and the Andes.","aliases":["avocado","hass avocado","alligator pear"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"MEX","name":"Mexico","share":24.607588952192827},{"iso3":"COL","name":"Colombia","share":11.297622519615942},{"iso3":"DOM","name":"Dominican Republic","share":10.92024261991403}],"rest_share":53.1745459082772,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":11221448.21,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/avocados/","json":"/data/commodities/avocados.json"},{"slug":"mangoes","name":"Mangoes","category":"fruit-vegetables","tier":3,"what_is_it":"A tropical stone fruit, mostly eaten where it grows; FAOSTAT counts mangoes with guavas and mangosteens.","aliases":["mango","guavas","mangosteen"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":44.635601739776135},{"iso3":"IDN","name":"Indonesia","share":6.6498111373412385},{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":6.55143047607781}],"rest_share":42.163156646804815,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":62206534.50999999,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/mangoes/","json":"/data/commodities/mangoes.json"},{"slug":"pineapples","name":"Pineapples","category":"fruit-vegetables","tier":3,"what_is_it":"A bromeliad fruit grown on an eighteen-month cycle and shipped fresh or canned.","aliases":["pineapple","ananas","MD-2"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"CRI","name":"Costa Rica","share":10.64053474429728},{"iso3":"PHL","name":"Philippines","share":9.964333090341572},{"iso3":"IDN","name":"Indonesia","share":9.352336542771697}],"rest_share":70.04279562258945,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":29303915.31,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/pineapples/","json":"/data/commodities/pineapples.json"},{"slug":"dates","name":"Dates","category":"fruit-vegetables","tier":3,"what_is_it":"The fruit of the date palm, dried on the tree in desert oases and eaten year-round.","aliases":["date palm","medjool","deglet nour"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"SAU","name":"Saudi Arabia","share":19.41201158772815},{"iso3":"EGY","name":"Egypt","share":17.62691765364422},{"iso3":"DZA","name":"Algeria","share":13.467674614774964}],"rest_share":49.493396143852664,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":9929708.27,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/dates/","json":"/data/commodities/dates.json"},{"slug":"apples","name":"Apples","category":"fruit-vegetables","tier":3,"what_is_it":"A temperate pome fruit stored for months in controlled atmospheres so it can be sold all year.","aliases":["apple","dessert apples","cider apples"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":52.396127952554316},{"iso3":"USA","name":"United States","share":5.02948721031942},{"iso3":"TUR","name":"Turkey","share":4.515942814461925}],"rest_share":38.05844202266434,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":97879560.96,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/apples/","json":"/data/commodities/apples.json"},{"slug":"grapes","name":"Grapes","category":"fruit-vegetables","tier":3,"what_is_it":"Fruit of the vine, split between wine grapes, table grapes and raisins, each a different market.","aliases":["table grapes","wine grapes","raisins","vine"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":22.173083449531035},{"iso3":"ITA","name":"Italy","share":10.067370479604966},{"iso3":"ESP","name":"Spain","share":7.101099680485261}],"rest_share":60.65844639037874,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":75865291.89,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/grapes/","json":"/data/commodities/grapes.json"},{"slug":"tomatoes","name":"Tomatoes","category":"fruit-vegetables","tier":3,"what_is_it":"The world’s largest vegetable crop by weight, split between fresh salad fruit and processing tomatoes for paste.","aliases":["tomato","processing tomatoes","tomato paste"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":32.72296970766911},{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":11.324547952299543},{"iso3":"TUR","name":"Turkey","share":7.762940781455149}],"rest_share":48.1895415585762,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":188292045.65000004,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/tomatoes/","json":"/data/commodities/tomatoes.json"},{"slug":"potatoes","name":"Potatoes","category":"fruit-vegetables","tier":3,"what_is_it":"A tuber staple that stores well but travels badly, so most of it is eaten in the country that grew it.","aliases":["potato","spuds","seed potatoes"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":24.2892781585941},{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":14.616975156941386},{"iso3":"UKR","name":"Ukraine","share":5.413190266174387}],"rest_share":55.680556418290124,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":390322507.82,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/potatoes/","json":"/data/commodities/potatoes.json"},{"slug":"cassava","name":"Cassava","category":"fruit-vegetables","tier":3,"what_is_it":"A drought-tolerant root that feeds hundreds of millions and is dried into chips and starch for export.","aliases":["manioc","yuca","tapioca","cassava root"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"NGA","name":"Nigeria","share":18.332788894751452},{"iso3":"COD","name":"DR Congo","share":13.629367218833435},{"iso3":"THA","name":"Thailand","share":8.379463793252654}],"rest_share":59.65838009316246,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":341600759.97999996,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/cassava/","json":"/data/commodities/cassava.json"},{"slug":"yams","name":"Yams","category":"fruit-vegetables","tier":3,"what_is_it":"A large tropical tuber, grown overwhelmingly in the west African yam belt and eaten pounded.","aliases":["yam","white yam","puna yam"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"NGA","name":"Nigeria","share":70.66296647865633},{"iso3":"GHA","name":"Ghana","share":10.939885575083789},{"iso3":"CIV","name":"Ivory Coast","share":8.287246844538762}],"rest_share":10.109901101721121,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":92441677.48,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/yams/","json":"/data/commodities/yams.json"},{"slug":"chickpeas","name":"Chickpeas","category":"grains","tier":3,"what_is_it":"A pulse eaten whole or milled into flour, and the base of hummus and falafel.","aliases":["chick peas","garbanzo beans","gram","chana"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":65.39661536419233},{"iso3":"AUS","name":"Australia","share":13.43032949128535},{"iso3":"TUR","name":"Turkey","share":3.40645763453422}],"rest_share":17.766597509988102,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":16879705.009999994,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/chickpeas/","json":"/data/commodities/chickpeas.json"},{"slug":"lentils","name":"Lentils","category":"grains","tier":3,"what_is_it":"A fast-cooking pulse grown in dry temperate zones and traded heavily into South Asia.","aliases":["lentil","red lentils","masoor","dal"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"CAN","name":"Canada","share":30.827459078583264},{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":22.714505003656797},{"iso3":"AUS","name":"Australia","share":16.04019814524414}],"rest_share":30.417837772515796,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":7886747.959999999,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/lentils/","json":"/data/commodities/lentils.json"},{"slug":"quinoa","name":"Quinoa","category":"grains","tier":3,"what_is_it":"A high-altitude Andean seed eaten like a grain, which went from local staple to global export crop.","aliases":["quinua","chenopodium quinoa"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"PER","name":"Peru","share":68.99759905047057},{"iso3":"BOL","name":"Bolivia","share":30.297831067913172},{"iso3":"ECU","name":"Ecuador","share":0.6803855745310071}],"rest_share":0.024184307085249657,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":165892.7,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/quinoa/","json":"/data/commodities/quinoa.json"},{"slug":"almonds","name":"Almonds","category":"fruit-vegetables","tier":3,"what_is_it":"A drupe seed grown in Mediterranean climates and dependent on managed bee pollination.","aliases":["almond","sweet almonds","almond kernels"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"USA","name":"United States","share":50.65075576174629},{"iso3":"AUS","name":"Australia","share":9.368797120412593},{"iso3":"ESP","name":"Spain","share":9.36120079842307}],"rest_share":30.619246319418053,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":3949279.6700000004,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/almonds/","json":"/data/commodities/almonds.json"},{"slug":"cashews","name":"Cashews","category":"fruit-vegetables","tier":3,"what_is_it":"A kidney-shaped nut whose caustic shell must be removed by hand or steam before the kernel can be eaten.","aliases":["cashew","cashew nuts","raw cashew nut","RCN"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"CIV","name":"Ivory Coast","share":22.27422498424637},{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":18.742998034481015},{"iso3":"TZA","name":"Tanzania","share":12.455766851204551}],"rest_share":46.527010130068064,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":4241103.790000001,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/cashews/","json":"/data/commodities/cashews.json"},{"slug":"pistachios","name":"Pistachios","category":"fruit-vegetables","tier":3,"what_is_it":"A desert nut that bears heavily only every other year, grown mostly in Iran, the United States and Turkey.","aliases":["pistachio","green almond"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"USA","name":"United States","share":36.14739414199945},{"iso3":"TUR","name":"Turkey","share":27.747172976021222},{"iso3":"IRN","name":"Iran","share":22.90351489305964}],"rest_share":13.20191798891969,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":1380320.8,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/pistachios/","json":"/data/commodities/pistachios.json"},{"slug":"hazelnuts","name":"Hazelnuts","category":"fruit-vegetables","tier":3,"what_is_it":"A temperate nut grown overwhelmingly on the Turkish Black Sea coast and bought largely by confectioners.","aliases":["hazelnut","filbert","cobnut"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"TUR","name":"Turkey","share":59.152286356729746},{"iso3":"ITA","name":"Italy","share":9.942864088860627},{"iso3":"USA","name":"United States","share":7.245123832423999}],"rest_share":23.659725721985623,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":1212125.59,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/hazelnuts/","json":"/data/commodities/hazelnuts.json"},{"slug":"olive-oil","name":"Olive oil","category":"oilseeds","tier":3,"what_is_it":"Oil pressed from olives without solvents, graded by acidity and defect rather than by refining.","aliases":["olives","extra virgin olive oil","EVOO","virgin olive oil"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"ESP","name":"Spain","share":32.597159537228364},{"iso3":"ITA","name":"Italy","share":13.723617115220108},{"iso3":"TUR","name":"Turkey","share":8.951431754888091}],"rest_share":44.727791592663436,"production_year":2023,"production_unit":"t","world_production":2619863.2399999998,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/olive-oil/","json":"/data/commodities/olive-oil.json"},{"slug":"pepper","name":"Pepper","category":"softs","tier":3,"what_is_it":"The dried berry of a tropical vine, the most traded spice by both weight and value.","aliases":["black pepper","white pepper","peppercorns","piper nigrum"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"VNM","name":"Vietnam","share":28.09359367394365},{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":13.502880522733896},{"iso3":"BRA","name":"Brazil","share":13.383641039230486}],"rest_share":45.01988476409197,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":933415.65,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/pepper/","json":"/data/commodities/pepper.json"},{"slug":"vanilla","name":"Vanilla","category":"softs","tier":3,"what_is_it":"The cured seed pod of a climbing orchid, hand-pollinated and cured over months; the second most expensive spice.","aliases":["vanilla beans","vanilla pods","bourbon vanilla"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"MDG","name":"Madagascar","share":43.42571691212643},{"iso3":"IDN","name":"Indonesia","share":21.449032544619893},{"iso3":"MEX","name":"Mexico","share":7.173197423867178}],"rest_share":27.95205311938649,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":7114.54,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/vanilla/","json":"/data/commodities/vanilla.json"},{"slug":"cinnamon","name":"Cinnamon","category":"softs","tier":3,"what_is_it":"The dried inner bark of Cinnamomum trees, sold as true cinnamon from Sri Lanka or the cheaper cassia.","aliases":["cassia","ceylon cinnamon","true cinnamon"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":38.484406556303504},{"iso3":"VNM","name":"Vietnam","share":29.126694200066428},{"iso3":"IDN","name":"Indonesia","share":22.54923597736237}],"rest_share":9.839663266267706,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":244815.39,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/cinnamon/","json":"/data/commodities/cinnamon.json"},{"slug":"cloves","name":"Cloves","category":"softs","tier":3,"what_is_it":"Dried flower buds of a tropical tree, most of the crop going into Indonesian kretek cigarettes rather than food.","aliases":["clove","clove buds","syzygium aromaticum"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"IDN","name":"Indonesia","share":74.37028695089063},{"iso3":"MDG","name":"Madagascar","share":12.624068813162257},{"iso3":"TZA","name":"Tanzania","share":4.310473742945208}],"rest_share":8.69517049300191,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":198941.00999999998,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/cloves/","json":"/data/commodities/cloves.json"},{"slug":"cardamom","name":"Cardamom","category":"softs","tier":3,"what_is_it":"An aromatic seed pod harvested green and dried; FAOSTAT counts it together with nutmeg and mace.","aliases":["cardamon","green cardamom","elaichi","nutmeg","mace"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"GTM","name":"Guatemala","share":38.71148597736202},{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":27.399277571046003},{"iso3":"IDN","name":"Indonesia","share":20.510284478142673}],"rest_share":13.378951973449304,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":197198.63,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/cardamom/","json":"/data/commodities/cardamom.json"},{"slug":"ginger","name":"Ginger","category":"fruit-vegetables","tier":3,"what_is_it":"An underground rhizome sold fresh, dried or preserved, grown mostly in India, Nigeria and China.","aliases":["root ginger","fresh ginger","zingiber"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":47.73522193541031},{"iso3":"NGA","name":"Nigeria","share":15.732818134496643},{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":11.97734233879745}],"rest_share":24.554617591295596,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":4887376.46,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/ginger/","json":"/data/commodities/ginger.json"},{"slug":"sesame","name":"Sesame seed","category":"oilseeds","tier":3,"what_is_it":"A drought-tolerant oilseed pressed for oil and ground into tahini, grown across the Sahel and Asia.","aliases":["sesame","sesame seeds","til","benniseed"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":12.964685647740701},{"iso3":"MMR","name":"Myanmar","share":10.777573373281687},{"iso3":"SDN","name":"Sudan","share":9.373090905372102}],"rest_share":66.88465007360551,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":6680539.069999999,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/sesame/","json":"/data/commodities/sesame.json"},{"slug":"linseed","name":"Linseed","category":"oilseeds","tier":3,"what_is_it":"The seed of the flax plant, crushed for a drying oil used in paint and linoleum and eaten whole as flaxseed.","aliases":["flaxseed","flax","linseed oil"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"RUS","name":"Russia","share":39.33289280493392},{"iso3":"KAZ","name":"Kazakhstan","share":25.319405089329667},{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":9.33322880117076}],"rest_share":26.014473304565655,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":3000033.6,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/linseed/","json":"/data/commodities/linseed.json"},{"slug":"honey","name":"Honey","category":"livestock","tier":3,"what_is_it":"Nectar concentrated by honeybees, sold by floral source and increasingly tested for adulteration.","aliases":["natural honey","bee honey","manuka"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":24.144217886194028},{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":7.925035547176996},{"iso3":"TUR","name":"Turkey","share":5.18342432350716}],"rest_share":62.747322243121815,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":1842263.0299999998,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/honey/","json":"/data/commodities/honey.json"},{"slug":"eggs","name":"Eggs","category":"livestock","tier":3,"what_is_it":"Hen eggs in shell, produced close to where they are eaten because they are fragile and perishable.","aliases":["hen eggs","chicken eggs","shell eggs","table eggs"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":34.53799392877678},{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":9.068434022375868},{"iso3":"IDN","name":"Indonesia","share":7.3642653690569855}],"rest_share":49.029306679790366,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":89341610.47,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/eggs/","json":"/data/commodities/eggs.json"},{"slug":"cheese","name":"Cheese","category":"livestock","tier":3,"what_is_it":"Milk concentrated by coagulation and ageing, the form in which most traded dairy protein and fat moves.","aliases":["cheeses","cheddar","mozzarella","curd"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"USA","name":"United States","share":27.942129619245925},{"iso3":"DEU","name":"Germany","share":10.267944798307495},{"iso3":"FRA","name":"France","share":7.5344071040163705}],"rest_share":54.25551847843021,"production_year":2023,"production_unit":"t","world_production":22979379.48,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/cheese/","json":"/data/commodities/cheese.json"},{"slug":"pork","name":"Pork","category":"livestock","tier":3,"what_is_it":"Meat from pigs, the most eaten meat in China and the European Union and the most sensitive to disease outbreaks.","aliases":["pig meat","swine meat","pigmeat","hog"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":45.52346851969674},{"iso3":"USA","name":"United States","share":10.061531431622036},{"iso3":"BRA","name":"Brazil","share":4.275422151848773}],"rest_share":40.13957789683245,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":125341943.07999998,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/pork/","json":"/data/commodities/pork.json"},{"slug":"silk","name":"Silk","category":"fibres","tier":3,"what_is_it":"Filament reeled from the cocoon of the mulberry silkworm, the only natural continuous-filament fibre.","aliases":["raw silk","silkworm cocoons","mulberry silk","sericulture"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":56.0332860132233},{"iso3":"CHN","name":"China","share":31.6803578613224},{"iso3":"UZB","name":"Uzbekistan","share":6.479555576733263}],"rest_share":5.806800548721043,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":464009.91000000003,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/silk/","json":"/data/commodities/silk.json"},{"slug":"jute","name":"Jute","category":"fibres","tier":3,"what_is_it":"A bast fibre retted from stems in the Ganges delta and woven into sacking, twine and geotextiles.","aliases":["jute fibre","hessian","burlap","golden fibre"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"BGD","name":"Bangladesh","share":56.34784369160491},{"iso3":"IND","name":"India","share":38.15019325915453},{"iso3":"KHM","name":"Cambodia","share":4.141272536229733}],"rest_share":1.3606905130108373,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":3702184.2600000002,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/jute/","json":"/data/commodities/jute.json"},{"slug":"sisal","name":"Sisal","category":"fibres","tier":3,"what_is_it":"A hard leaf fibre cut from agave plants, used for agricultural twine, rope and polishing cloth.","aliases":["sisal fibre","agave sisalana","henequen"],"exchange_traded":false,"top3":[{"iso3":"BRA","name":"Brazil","share":39.861788871559305},{"iso3":"TZA","name":"Tanzania","share":26.16505578496236},{"iso3":"KEN","name":"Kenya","share":8.950183556312187}],"rest_share":25.022971787166142,"production_year":2024,"production_unit":"t","world_production":233960.9,"price":null,"url":"/commodities/sisal/","json":"/data/commodities/sisal.json"}],"categories":[{"slug":"energy","name":"Energy","question":"Where does the world's energy come from?","hue":"crude","subcategories":["crude-oil","natural-gas-lng","coal","uranium","carbon"],"shared_drivers":"OPEC+ quotas, geopolitics and sanctions, refinery and LNG capacity, weather-driven heating and cooling demand, the shift to renewables."},{"slug":"metals","name":"Metals","question":"Where do the world's metals come from?","hue":"copper","subcategories":["base-metals","precious-metals","ferrous","battery-critical"],"shared_drivers":"Chinese industrial demand, smelting and refining concentration, mine disruptions and strikes, the energy transition, the US dollar and interest rates."},{"slug":"grains","name":"Grains & cereals","question":"Where do the world's grains come from?","hue":"wheat","subcategories":[],"shared_drivers":"Weather in a handful of breadbaskets, stocks-to-use ratios, export policy, fertilizer and fuel costs, biofuel mandates, the Black Sea."},{"slug":"oilseeds","name":"Oilseeds & vegetable oils","question":"Where do the world's vegetable oils come from?","hue":"palm","subcategories":[],"shared_drivers":"Biodiesel mandates, crush margins, weather in Brazil, Argentina, the US and Southeast Asia, Indonesian export policy, substitution between oils."},{"slug":"softs","name":"Softs","question":"Where do coffee, cocoa, sugar and cotton come from?","hue":"cocoa","subcategories":[],"shared_drivers":"Tropical weather and disease, currency of the big exporter (real, cedi, rupiah), smallholder economics, stocks held by trading houses, certified stocks at exchanges."},{"slug":"fruit-vegetables","name":"Fruit & vegetables","question":"Where does the world's fruit come from?","hue":"citrus","subcategories":[],"shared_drivers":"Perishability and cold-chain capacity, seasonal windows, plant disease, sanitary and phytosanitary rules, retailer contracts."},{"slug":"livestock","name":"Livestock, meat & dairy","question":"Where does the world's meat and milk come from?","hue":"pasture","subcategories":[],"shared_drivers":"Feed grain costs, animal disease outbreaks, herd cycles, trade access and sanitary rules, consumer demand in China."},{"slug":"seafood","name":"Seafood","question":"Where does the world's seafood come from?","hue":"sea","subcategories":[],"shared_drivers":"Wild catch quotas, aquaculture disease, feed costs, El Niño, sanitary rules and bans."},{"slug":"fertilizers","name":"Fertilizers","question":"Where do fertilizers come from?","hue":"potash","subcategories":[],"shared_drivers":"Natural gas prices (nitrogen), export restrictions in China and Russia, phosphate rock and potash geology, crop prices and farmer affordability."},{"slug":"timber","name":"Timber & forest products","question":"Where does the world's timber come from?","hue":"timber","subcategories":[],"shared_drivers":"Housing starts, mill capacity, log export bans, tariffs and sustainability rules, wildfires and pests."},{"slug":"fibres","name":"Fibres & other raw materials","question":"Where do natural fibres and rubber come from?","hue":"rubber","subcategories":[],"shared_drivers":"Synthetic substitutes and oil prices, tree and crop disease, labor availability, tyre demand, fashion cycles."}],"license":"CC BY 4.0 for Commodity Origins derived tables; upstream sources keep their licenses (see /sources/)"}