What does Peru produce and export?

Peru sits on the same subduction-built porphyry belt as its southern neighbor, but the deposits are scattered across a wider and higher stretch of the Andes, often above 4,000 meters and far inland. Cerro Verde and Toquepala are near the coast; Antamina and Las Bambas are not, and their concentrate travels hundreds of kilometers by road and rail to the ports of Callao, Matarani and Pisco. Peru mined 12% of the world's copper in 2025 (USGS) and held 19% of world copper export value in 2024 (CEPII BACI).

Distance is why Peruvian mining is politically exposed in a way Chilean mining is not. Ore leaves through a mining corridor of highland farming communities that receive little of the revenue, and blockades of that road have repeatedly halted shipments from Las Bambas since it opened in 2016. Water rights, dust and the distribution of the mining canon, the share of tax returned to producing regions, drive most of the disputes. Gold adds another layer: alongside industrial mines in the northern highlands, an extensive informal sector works alluvial deposits in Madre de Dios in the Amazon lowlands, clearing forest and using mercury. Peru produced 3.3% of world gold in 2025 (USGS).

The agricultural exports come from the third of the country that faces east. On the humid Andean slopes between roughly 1,000 and 2,000 meters, small farms grow arabica coffee, much of it shade-grown, organic-certified and sold as specialty lots rather than as commodity-grade beans. Peru produced 3.2% of the world's coffee in 2024 (FAOSTAT) and held 3.5% of world coffee export value in 2024 (CEPII BACI). Lower down, cocoa was expanded from the 1990s partly through crop-substitution programs in the San Martín and Ucayali valleys, and Peru has become a significant supplier of fine-flavor beans; it grew 3.0% of world cocoa in 2024 (FAOSTAT) and took 4.5% of world cocoa export value in 2024 (CEPII BACI), a larger share of value than of beans because those beans sell at a premium.