What does Russia produce and export?
Russia ranks in the top ten producers of 44 commodities: barley (#1, 12% of world output in 2024), linseed (#1, 39% of world output in 2024), palladium (#1, 44% of world output in 2025), sunflower oil (#1, 31% of world output in 2023), gold (#2, 9.4% of world output in 2025), natural gas (#2, 15% of world output in 2025) and more. It is a top-ten exporter of linseed (#1, 38% of world export value in 2024), palladium (#1, 22% of world export value in 2024), urea (#1, 16% of world export value in 2024), wheat (#1, 16% of world export value in 2024), crude oil (#2, 9.4% of world export value in 2024) and more.
The West Siberian basin is the single fact behind Russian energy. Giant gas fields found in the 1960s and 1970s — Urengoy, Yamburg, Medvezhye — sat far from any market, so the Soviet state built the pipelines before it built anything else, running steel lines thousands of kilometers west to European buyers. Russia produced 15% of the world's natural gas in 2025 (Energy Institute) and held 8.5% of world natural-gas export value in 2024 (CEPII BACI), a share reduced from earlier years as pipeline flows to Europe were cut and cargoes were redirected east. Oil from the same region and from the Volga-Urals gave 11% of world crude oil production in 2025 (Energy Institute) and 9.4% of world crude export value in 2024 (CEPII BACI).
Farm exports are newer than the energy trade. The chernozem belt of southern Russia — Krasnodar, Rostov, Stavropol — is among the most fertile soil on earth, but Soviet collective farming made the country a grain importer for decades. Land reorganization, private agro-holdings and investment in Azov and Black Sea terminals after 2000 reversed that, and Russia became the largest wheat shipper: 10% of world production in 2024 (FAOSTAT) and 16% of world wheat export value in 2024 (CEPII BACI). A floating export duty introduced in 2021 taxes shipments when world prices rise, which keeps domestic bread prices down and caps how much leaves.
Metals follow the dams. Smelters at Bratsk, Krasnoyarsk and Sayanogorsk were sited next to Angara and Yenisei hydropower stations built in the 1960s, and they still run on that electricity while importing most of their alumina. Russia smelted 5.3% of the world's aluminum in 2025 (USGS) and held 9.1% of world aluminum export value in 2024 (CEPII BACI). Hard-rock and placer mines in the Far East and Siberia produced 9.4% of world gold in 2025 (USGS).
What does Russia produce?
| Commodity | World rank | Share of world | Production | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barley | 1 | 12% | 16.7 million t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Linseed | 1 | 39% | 1.2 million t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Palladium | 1 | 44% | 84 t | 2025 | USGS MCS |
| Sunflower oil | 1 | 31% | 7 million t | 2023 | FAOSTAT |
| Gold | 2 | 9.4% | 310 t | 2025 | USGS MCS |
| Natural gas | 2 | 15% | 609 billion cubic metres | 2025 | Energy Institute |
| Oats | 2 | 13% | 3 million t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Platinum | 2 | 12% | 20 t | 2025 | USGS MCS |
| Potash | 2 | 20% | 10 million t | 2025 | USGS MCS |
| Aluminum | 3 | 5.3% | 3.9 million t | 2025 | USGS MCS |
| Cobalt | 3 | 2.5% | 7,700 t | 2025 | USGS MCS |
| Crude oil | 3 | 11% | 10,737 thousand barrels daily | 2025 | Energy Institute |
| Logs | 3 | 9.9% | 193.1 million m3 | 2024 | faostat_fo |
| Nickel | 3 | 5.1% | 200,000 t | 2025 | USGS MCS |
| Sawnwood | 3 | 8.4% | 37.2 million m3 | 2024 | faostat_fo |
| Wheat | 3 | 10% | 82.6 million t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Chicken | 4 | 4.3% | 5.5 million t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate rock | 4 | 5.6% | 14 million t | 2025 | USGS MCS |
| Uranium | 4 | 7.7% | 219 terawatt-hours | 2025 | Energy Institute |
| Canola | 5 | 5.2% | 4.6 million t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Copper | 5 | 5.7% | 1.3 million t | 2025 | USGS MCS |
| Lead | 5 | 5.8% | 260,000 t | 2025 | USGS MCS |
| Pork | 5 | 3.9% | 4.9 million t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Potatoes | 5 | 4.7% | 18.4 million t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Steel | 5 | 3.4% | 65 million t | 2025 | USGS MCS |
| Chickpeas | 6 | 2.5% | 414,127 t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Coal | 6 | 4.7% | 429 million tonnes | 2025 | Energy Institute |
| Graphite | 6 | 1.4% | 25,000 t | 2025 | USGS MCS |
| Iron ore | 6 | 3.4% | 86 million t | 2025 | USGS MCS |
| Milk | 6 | 4.2% | 32.8 million t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Plywood | 6 | 3% | 3.5 million m3 | 2024 | faostat_fo |
| Beef | 7 | 2.4% | 1.7 million t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Eggs | 7 | 2.9% | 2.6 million t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Lentils | 7 | 3% | 239,886 t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Silver | 7 | 4.6% | 1,200 t | 2025 | USGS MCS |
| Sugar | 7 | 3.5% | 6.6 million t | 2023 | FAOSTAT |
| Apples | 8 | 2.1% | 2 million t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Cheese | 8 | 2.6% | 604,962 t | 2023 | FAOSTAT |
| Honey | 8 | 3.6% | 65,455 t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Rare earths | 8 | 0.7% | 2,600 t | 2025 | USGS MCS |
| Soybeans | 8 | 1.8% | 7 million t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Zinc | 8 | 3.3% | 430,000 t | 2025 | USGS MCS |
| Bauxite | 9 | 1.3% | 5.7 million t | 2025 | USGS MCS |
| Wool | 9 | 2.6% | 43,564 t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
What does Russia export?
| Rank | Country | Export value (US$) | Share of world |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | linseed | $471.5 million | 38% |
| 1 | palladium | $2.9 billion | 22% |
| 1 | urea | $3.2 billion | 16% |
| 1 | wheat | $9.1 billion | 16% |
| 2 | crude-oil | $124.2 billion | 9.4% |
| 2 | potash | $4.7 billion | 24% |
| 2 | sunflower-oil | $4.4 billion | 23% |
| 3 | aluminum | $7.3 billion | 9.1% |
| 3 | barley | $984.6 million | 11% |
| 3 | chickpeas | $312 million | 13% |
| Rest of world | $0 | <0.1% |
| Commodity | World rank | Share of world exports | Export value | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linseed | 1 | 38% | $471.5 million | 2024 |
| Palladium | 1 | 22% | $2.9 billion | 2024 |
| Urea | 1 | 16% | $3.2 billion | 2024 |
| Wheat | 1 | 16% | $9.1 billion | 2024 |
| Crude oil | 2 | 9.4% | $124.2 billion | 2024 |
| Potash | 2 | 24% | $4.7 billion | 2024 |
| Sunflower oil | 2 | 23% | $4.4 billion | 2024 |
| Aluminum | 3 | 9.1% | $7.3 billion | 2024 |
| Barley | 3 | 11% | $984.6 million | 2024 |
| Chickpeas | 3 | 13% | $312 million | 2024 |
| Coal | 3 | 13% | $22.4 billion | 2024 |
| Sawnwood | 3 | 9.4% | $3.6 billion | 2024 |
| Nickel | 4 | 8.3% | $1.2 billion | 2024 |
| Oats | 4 | 4.9% | $54.4 million | 2024 |
| Fishmeal | 5 | 3.3% | $312.3 million | 2024 |
| Natural gas | 5 | 8.5% | $40.5 billion | 2024 |
| Plywood | 5 | 4.2% | $712.3 million | 2024 |
| Shrimp | 5 | 6.6% | $2.1 billion | 2024 |
| Lentils | 6 | 3.6% | $148.6 million | 2024 |
| Phosphate fertilizers | 7 | 1.6% | $55.3 million | 2024 |
| Phosphate rock | 8 | 3.8% | $201.9 million | 2024 |
| Soybeans | 8 | 0.4% | $357.6 million | 2024 |
| Platinum | 9 | 3.5% | $511.9 million | 2024 |
Top-ten importer of
- Chromium: #3, 1.6% of world imports, $134.3 million (2024)
- Oranges: #4, 4.9% of world imports, $268.5 million (2024)
- Eggs: #5, 3.9% of world imports, $231.7 million (2024)
- Tea: #5, 4.6% of world imports, $348.8 million (2024)
- Hazelnuts: #6, 3.9% of world imports, $89 million (2024)
- Peanuts: #6, 4.1% of world imports, $192.7 million (2024)
- Bananas: #7, 4% of world imports, $624.7 million (2024)
- Grapes: #7, 3.2% of world imports, $414.6 million (2024)
- Tomatoes: #7, 3.1% of world imports, $373.1 million (2024)
- Avocados: #9, 1.7% of world imports, $160.9 million (2024)
- Coconut oil: #9, 2.5% of world imports, $196.5 million (2024)
Sources: FAOSTAT (crops and livestock), USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries (minerals), Energy Institute Statistical Review (energy) for production; CEPII BACI for trade. Ranks count only the commodities on this site.
Downloads and citation
This country's rankings as JSON. Cite as: Commodity Origins, "What does Russia produce and export?", https://commodityorigins.com/countries/RUS/ (CC BY 4.0).
Data updated 6 September 2026.